| Verb | Definition and use | Example |
| SAY
To |
Ø Utter words to share information
Ø To express in words
Most often used without a personal object. If PO is used, ‘to’ is necessary.
Used with direct and indirect speech.
|
Tina said she might come to class this afternoon.
Carlos said, “Hi” to a stranger in the street.
I say to my best friend how much I appreciate her. |
| TELL
|
Ø Communicate information to someone
Ø To instruct or inform Ø After tell we usually say WHO is told (tell someone something).
Tell someone TO DO something.
Not used before objects.
Do not normally use it after tell to refer to a fact.
Repeat something to someone.
Use with lies, stories, the truth.
Used with direct and indirect speech.
|
Jenny told her that she should study more.
Ilana will tell her mom about the car accident.
The actor was told that he needed to cry harder in the scene.
I cannot believe that he would tell lies to his wife.
NOT Mary told them “Goodbye.”
I will tell you it tomorrow.
Peter told a bad word. |
| SPEAK
To / With / About / Of |
Ø Have a conversation
Ø Communicate, answer or address Ø Say something in order to express information or feelings
One-way communication.
For exchanges in formal or serious situations.
Used to refer to languages or knowledge.
More emphasis is place on the other person involved in the conversation. |
How many different languages can you speak?
Everyone spoke about the wonderful performance the next day.
Maybe you should speak to your boss about a pay raise.
To be in a good relationship, one should speak with their partner openly. |
| TALK
To / With / About |
Ø Speak to give information or express feelings or ideas
Ø Communicate by spoken words Ø Have the power of speech Ø Gossip
More common word to refer to informal communication and conversational exchanges.
More emphasis is placed on the topic of the spoken exchange. |
We need to talk about setting a budget for the month.
If Wilma talks to me tomorrow, I will tell you.
Good parents talk with their children daily. |
| WITH
Discussion between two or more participants |
TO
One-sided conversation |
ABOUT
General discussion |
OF
Describe something definite that you know or have experienced |